|
Länder
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Background:
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Azerbaijan - a nation
with a Turkic and majority-Muslim population - was briefly independent
from 1918 to 1920; it regained its independence after the collapse of
the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan has yet
to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani
Nagorno-Karabakh enclave (largely Armenian populated). Azerbaijan has
lost 16% of its territory and must support some 528,000 internally
displaced persons as a result of the conflict. Corruption is ubiquitous,
and the promise of widespread wealth from Azerbaijan's undeveloped
petroleum resources remains largely unfulfilled. |
|
Location:
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Southwestern Asia,
bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small
European portion north of the Caucasus range |
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Geographic coordinates:
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40 30 N, 47 30 E |
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Map references:
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Asia |
|
Area:
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total: 86,600 sq
km
land: 86,100 sq km
water: 500 sq km
note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and
the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by
Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991 |
|
Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than
Maine
|
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,013 km
border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km,
Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran
(with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave)
179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked); note -
Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km est.) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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dry, semiarid steppe
|
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Terrain:
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large, flat Kur-Araz
Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great
Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in
west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into
Caspian Sea |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point:
Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas,
iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina |
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Land use:
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arable land:
20.62%
permanent crops: 2.61%
other: 76.77% (2005) |
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Irrigated land:
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14,550 sq km (1998 est.)
|
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Natural hazards:
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droughts |
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Environment - current issues:
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local scientists consider
the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit)
and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the
world because of severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution
results from oil spills, from the use of DDT as a pesticide, and from
toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air
Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|
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Geography - note:
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both the main area of the
country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked |
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Population:
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7,961,619 (July 2006
est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 25.8%
(male 1,046,501/female 1,011,492)
15-64 years: 66.3% (male 2,573,134/female 2,706,275)
65 years and over: 7.8% (male 246,556/female 377,661) (2006 est.)
|
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Median age:
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total: 27.7 years
male: 26.3 years
female: 29.2 years (2006 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.66% (2006 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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20.74 births/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Death rate:
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9.75 deaths/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-4.38 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 79
deaths/1,000 live births
male: 81.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 76.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population:
63.85 years
male: 59.78 years
female: 68.13 years (2006 est.)
|
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Total fertility rate:
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2.46 children born/woman
(2006 est.)
|
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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less than 0.1% (2003
est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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1,400 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less than 100 (2001 est.)
|
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Nationality:
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noun:
Azerbaijani(s), Azeri(s)
adjective: Azerbaijani, Azeri |
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Ethnic groups:
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Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani
2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9% (1999 census)
note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist
Nagorno-Karabakh region |
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Religions:
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Muslim 93.4%, Russian
Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.)
note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan;
percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower |
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Languages:
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Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%,
Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15
and over can read and write
total population: 98.8%
male: 99.5%
female: 98.2% (2003 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional long
form: Republic of Azerbaijan
conventional short form: Azerbaijan
local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
local short form: none
former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Baku (Baki) |
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Administrative divisions:
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59 rayons (rayonlar;
rayon - singular), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous
republic (muxtar respublika)
rayons: Abseron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas
Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, Astara Rayonu, Balakan Rayonu,
Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu,
Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay
Rayonu, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu,
Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu,
Lankaran Rayonu, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz
Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba
Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu,
Saki Rayonu, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu,
Siyazan Rayonu, Susa Rayonu, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu,
Xacmaz Rayonu, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand
Rayonu, Yardimli Rayonu, Yevlax Rayonu, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala
Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu
cities: Ali Bayramli Sahari, Baki Sahari, Ganca Sahari, Lankaran
Sahari, Mingacevir Sahari, Naftalan Sahari, Saki Sahari, Sumqayit
Sahari, Susa Sahari, Xankandi Sahari, Yevlax Sahari
autonomous republic: Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi |
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Independence:
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30 August 1991 (from
Soviet Union)
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National holiday:
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Founding of the
Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, 28 May (1918) |
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Constitution:
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adopted 12 November 1995
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Legal system:
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based on civil law system
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age;
universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state:
President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 4
November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Abbas ABBASOV (since 10
November 2003)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and
confirmed by the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote to a five-year term;
election last held 15 October 2003 (next to be held October 2008); prime
minister and first deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and
confirmed by the National Assembly
election results: Ilham ALIYEV elected president; percent of vote
- Ilham ALIYEV 76.8%, Isa GAMBAR 14%
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National
Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to
serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 6 November 2005 (next to be held in November
2010)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party
- NAP 58, Azadliq coalition 8, CSP 2, YES 2, Motherland 2, other parties
with single seats 7, independents 42, undetermined 4 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Azerbaijan Popular Front
or APF [Ali KARIMLI, leader of "Reform" faction; Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU,
leader of "Classic" faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir
RUSTAMKHANLY]; Civic Union Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of
Azerbaijan or CPA [Ramiz AHMADOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI];
Democratic Party for Azerbaijan or DPA [Rasul QULIYEV, chairman];
Justice Party [Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala
Shovkat HACIYEVA]; Motherland Party; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; New
Azerbaijan Party or NAP [vacant]; Party for National Independence of
Azerbaijan or PNIA [Etibar MAMMADLI, chairman]; Social Democratic Party
of Azerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV]
note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new
parties |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Sadval, Lezgin movement;
self-proclaimed Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence
movement; Union of Pro-Azerbaijani Forces (UPAF) |
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International organization participation:
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AsDB, BSEC, CE, CIS,
EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU,
MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
|
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Hafiz PASHAYEV
chancery: 2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 337-3500
FAX: [1] (202) 337-5911
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Reno L. HARNISH III
embassy: 83 Azadlyg Prospecti, Baku AZ1007
mailing address: American Embassy Baku, Department of State, 7050
Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050
telephone: [994] (12) 4980-335 through 337
FAX: [994] (12) 4983-755 |
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Flag description:
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three equal horizontal
bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star
in white are centered in red band |
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Economy - overview:
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Azerbaijan's number one
export is oil. Azerbaijan's oil production declined through 1997, but
has registered an increase every year since. Negotiation of
production-sharing arrangements (PSAs) with foreign firms, which have
thus far committed $60 billion to long-term oilfield development, should
generate the funds needed to spur future industrial development. Oil
production under the first of these PSAs, with the Azerbaijan
International Operating Company, began in November 1997. A consortium of
Western oil companies is scheduled to begin pumping 1 million barrels a
day from a large offshore field in early 2006, through a $4 billion
pipeline it built from Baku to Turkey's Mediterranean port of Ceyhan.
Economists estimate that by 2010 revenues from this project will double
the country's current GDP. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems
of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command
to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its
long-term prospects. Baku has only recently begun making progress on
economic reform, and old economic ties and structures are slowly being
replaced. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress:
the need for stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector, the
continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, and
the pervasive corruption. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet
republics is declining in importance while trade is building with Turkey
and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects will depend on world oil
prices, the location of new pipelines in the region, and Azerbaijan's
ability to manage its oil wealth.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$37.03 billion (2005
est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$10.67 billion (2005
est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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19.7% (2005 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$4,700 (2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 14.1%
industry: 45.7%
services: 40.2% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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5.45 million (2005 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture and forestry
41%, industry 7%, services 52% (2001) |
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Unemployment rate:
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1.2% official rate (2005
est.)
|
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Population below poverty line:
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49% (2002 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 27.8% (1995) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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36.5 (2001) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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12% (2005 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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57.4% of GDP (2005 est.)
|
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Budget:
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revenues: $3.18
billion
expenditures: $2.986 billion; including capital expenditures of
$NA (2005 est.) |
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Public debt:
|
13.9% of GDP (2005 est.)
|
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Agriculture - products:
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cotton, grain, rice,
grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats
|
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Industries:
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petroleum and natural
gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement;
chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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25% (2005 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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20 billion kWh (2003)
|
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 89.7%
hydro: 10.3%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
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Electricity - consumption:
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20.25 billion kWh (2003)
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Electricity - exports:
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700 million kWh (2003)
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Electricity - imports:
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2.35 billion kWh (2003)
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Oil - production:
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477,000 bbl/day (2005
est.)
|
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Oil - consumption:
|
123,000 bbl/day (2003
est.)
|
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Oil - exports:
|
NA bbl/day |
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Oil - imports:
|
NA bbl/day |
|
Oil - proved reserves:
|
589 million bbl (1
January 2002)
|
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Natural gas - production:
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5.13 billion cu m (2003
est.)
|
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Natural gas - consumption:
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9.2 billion cu m (2003
est.)
|
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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1 billion cu m (2001
est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
849.5 billion cu m (1
January 2002)
|
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Current account balance:
|
$-1.53 billion (2005
est.) |
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Exports:
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$6.117 billion f.o.b.
(2005 est.)
|
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Exports - commodities:
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oil and gas 90%,
machinery, cotton, foodstuffs |
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Exports - partners:
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Italy 26.6%, Czech
Republic 11.9%, Germany 8.1%, Indonesia 6.4%, Romania 6.2%, Georgia 6%,
Russia 5.3%, Turkey 5.2%, France 4.1% (2004) |
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Imports:
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$4.656 billion f.o.b.
(2005 est.)
|
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment,
oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals |
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Imports - partners:
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Russia 16.1%, UK 12.5%,
Turkey 10.5%, Germany 7.8%, Ukraine 5.6%, Netherlands 4.9%, US 4.1%,
Italy 4% (2004)
|
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$1.2 billion (2005 est.)
|
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Debt - external:
|
$2.253 billion (2005
est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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ODA, $140 million (2000
est.)
|
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Currency (code):
|
Azerbaijani manat (AZM)
|
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Currency code:
|
AZM |
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Exchange rates:
|
Azerbaijani manats per US
dollar - 4,727.1 (2005), 4,913.48 (2004), 4,910.73 (2003), 4,860.82
(2002), 4,656.58 (2001) |
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Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
Communications |
Azerbaijan |
|
Telephones - main lines in use:
|
1,025,400 (2004) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
|
1,456,500 (2004) |
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Telephone system:
|
general assessment:
inadequate; requires considerable expansion and modernization;
teledensity of 10 main lines per 100 persons is low (2002)
domestic: the majority of telephones are in Baku and other
industrial centers - about 700 villages still without public telephone
service; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its
exclave of Naxcivan
international: country code - 994; the old Soviet system of cable
and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2 (2005)
|
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 1
(1998)
|
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Radios:
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175,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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2 (1997) |
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Televisions:
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170,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
|
.az |
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Internet hosts:
|
460 (2005) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
|
2 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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408,000 (2005) |
|
Transportation |
Azerbaijan |
|
Airports:
|
45 (2005) |
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total: 27
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 15
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2005) |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
total: 18
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 15 (2005) |
|
Heliports:
|
2 (2005) |
|
Pipelines:
|
gas 4,451 km; oil 1,518
km (2004)
|
|
Railways:
|
total: 2,957 km
broad gauge: 2,957 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (2004)
|
|
Roadways:
|
total: 27,016 km
paved: 12,698 km (including 128 km of expressways)
unpaved: 14,318 km (2003) |
|
Merchant marine:
|
total: 84 ships
(1000 GRT or over) 405,395 GRT/437,088 DWT
by type: cargo 26, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 8, petroleum
tanker 43, roll on/roll off 2, specialized tanker 3
registered in other countries: 4 (Georgia 2, Malta 2) (2005)
|
|
Ports and terminals:
|
Baku (Baki) |
|
Military branches:
|
Army, Navy, Air and Air
Defense Forces |
|
Military service age and obligation:
|
18 years of age for
compulsory and voluntary military service; law passed December 2001
raises maximum conscription age from 28 to 35 (December 2001) |
|
Manpower available for military service:
|
males age 18-49:
1,961,973
females age 18-49: 2,033,186 (2005 est.) |
|
Manpower fit for military service:
|
males age 18-49:
1,314,955
females age 18-49: 1,676,408 (2005 est.) |
|
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
|
males: 82,358
females age 18-49: 78,067 (2005 est.) |
|
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
|
$121 million (FY99) |
|
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
|
2.6% (FY99) |
|
Transnational Issues |
Azerbaijan |
|
Disputes - international:
|
Armenia supports ethnic
Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s has
militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan; over 800,000 mostly ethnic
Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about
230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into
Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to
Naxcivan exclave; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
(OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia
ratify Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while
Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges
Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; bilateral talks
continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested
oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan and Georgia continue
to discuss the alignment of their boundary at certain crossing areas
|
|
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|
refugees (country of
origin): 8,367 (Russia)
IDPs: 528,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh)
(2005) |
|
Illicit drugs:
|
limited illicit
cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption;
small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian
opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe |
|
 |
Information |
 |
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Här hittar du information om alla världens länder. Listan fylls på efter hand
som jag har tid. Tyvärr så är informationen på engelska. |
|
-SM3VVZ |
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