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Länder
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Introduction |
Burkina Faso |
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Background:
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Burkina Faso (formerly
Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated
military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty
elections in the early 1990s. Burkina Faso's high population density and
limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the
majority of its citizens. Recent unrest in Cote d'Ivoire and northern
Ghana has hindered the ability of several hundred thousand seasonal
Burkinabe farm workers to find employment in neighboring countries.
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Location:
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Western Africa, north of
Ghana
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Geographic coordinates:
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13 00 N, 2 00 W |
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Map references:
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Africa |
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Area:
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total: 274,200 sq
km
land: 273,800 sq km
water: 400 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than
Colorado
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Land boundaries:
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total: 3,193 km
border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549
km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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tropical; warm, dry
winters; hot, wet summers |
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Terrain:
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mostly flat to dissected,
undulating plains; hills in west and southeast |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point:
Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m
highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m |
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Natural resources:
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manganese, limestone,
marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt |
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Land use:
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arable land:
17.66%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 82.12% (2005) |
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Irrigated land:
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250 sq km (2003) |
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Natural hazards:
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recurring droughts |
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Environment - current issues:
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recent droughts and
desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population
distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation;
deforestation |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked savanna cut by
the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas |
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Population:
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13,902,972
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life
expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population
and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age
and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 46.8%
(male 3,267,202/female 3,235,190)
15-64 years: 50.7% (male 3,513,559/female 3,538,623)
65 years and over: 2.5% (male 140,083/female 208,315) (2006 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 16.5 years
male: 16.3 years
female: 16.7 years (2006 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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3% (2006 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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45.62 births/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Death rate:
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15.6 deaths/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 91.35
deaths/1,000 live births
male: 99.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 83.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population:
48.85 years
male: 47.33 years
female: 50.42 years (2006 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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6.47 children born/woman
(2006 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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4.2% (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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300,000 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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29,000 (2003 est.) |
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Major infectious diseases:
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degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2005) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Burkinabe
(singular and plural)
adjective: Burkinabe |
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Ethnic groups:
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Mossi over 40%, Gurunsi,
Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani |
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Religions:
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Muslim 50%, indigenous
beliefs 40%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10% |
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Languages:
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French (official), native
African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the
population |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15
and over can read and write
total population: 26.6%
male: 36.9%
female: 16.6% (2003 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional long
form: none
conventional short form: Burkina Faso
local long form: none
local short form: Burkina Faso
former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta |
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Government type:
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parliamentary republic
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Capital:
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name: Ouagadougou
geographic coordinates: 12 22 N, 1 31 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time) |
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Administrative divisions:
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45 provinces; Bale, Bam,
Banwa, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Comoe, Ganzourgou,
Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Ioba, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komondjari, Kompienga,
Kossi, Koulpelogo, Kouritenga, Kourweogo, Leraba, Loroum, Mouhoun,
Nahouri, Namentenga, Nayala, Noumbiel, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore,
Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Tuy,
Yagha, Yatenga, Ziro, Zondoma, Zoundweogo
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Independence:
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5 August 1960 (from
France)
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National holiday:
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Republic Day, 11 December
(1958)
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Constitution:
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2 June 1991 approved by
referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; amended April 2000 |
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Legal system:
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based on French civil law
system and customary law |
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Suffrage:
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universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state:
President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987)
head of government: Prime Minister Ernest Paramanga YONLI (since
6 November 2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term
(eligible for a second term); election last held 13 November 2005 (next
to be held in 2010); in April 2000, the constitution was amended
reducing the presidential term from seven to five years, enforceable as
of 2005; prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of
the legislature
election results: Blaise COMPAORE reelected president; percent of
popular vote - Blaise COMPAORE 80.3%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA 4.9%
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National
Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (111 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly election last held 5 May 2002 (next
to be held May 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
CDP 57, RDA-ADF 17, PDP/PS 10, CFD 5, PAI 5, other 17 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court; Appeals
Court
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Political parties and leaders:
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African Democratic
Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO];
Confederation for Federation and Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda
DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian
KABORE]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo
KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO];
Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Socialist
Party or PS; Union of Greens for the Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB
[Ram OVEDRAGO] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Burkinabe General
Confederation of Labor or CGTB; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or
MBDHP; Group of 14 February; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers
or CNTB; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL;
watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both
organizations and communities |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU,
ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU,
ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Tertius ZONGO
chancery: 2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 332-5577
FAX: [1] (202) 667-1882 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Cynthia AKUETTEH
embassy: 602 Avenue Raoul Follereau, Koulouba, Secteur 4
mailing address: 01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou 01; pouch mail - U. S.
Department of State, 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC 20521-2440
telephone: [226] 306723
FAX: [226] 303890 |
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Flag description:
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two equal horizontal
bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the
center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia |
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Economy - overview:
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One of the poorest
countries in the world, landlocked Burkina Faso has few natural
resources and a weak industrial base. About 90% of the population is
engaged in subsistence agriculture, which is vulnerable to harsh
climatic conditions. Cotton is the key crop and the government has
joined with other cotton producing countries in the region to lobby for
improved access to Western markets. GDP growth has largely been driven
by increases in world cotton prices. Industry remains dominated by
unprofitable government-controlled corporations. Following the CFA franc
currency devaluation in January 1994, the government updated its
development program in conjunction with international agencies; exports
and economic growth have increased. The government devolved
macroeconomic policy and inflation targeting to the West African
regional central bank (BCEAO), but maintains control over fiscal and
microeconomic policies, including implementing reforms to encourage
private investment. The bitter internal crisis in neighboring Cote
d'Ivoire continues to hurt trade and industrial prospects and deepens
the need for international assistance. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$16.95 billion (2005
est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$5.405 billion (2005
est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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4.5% (2005 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$1,300 (2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 32.2%
industry: 19.6%
services: 48.2% (2004 est.) |
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Labor force:
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5 million
note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to
neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 90%
industry and services: 10% (2000 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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NA% |
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Population below poverty line:
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45% (2003 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 46.8% (1994) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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48.2 (1998) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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6.4% (2005 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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20.7% of GDP (2005 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $1.033
billion
expenditures: $1.382 billion; including capital expenditures of
$NA (2005 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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cotton, peanuts, shea
nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock |
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Industries:
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cotton lint, beverages,
agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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14% (2001 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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375.6 million kWh (2003)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 69.9%
hydro: 30.1%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
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Electricity - consumption:
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349.3 million kWh (2003)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2003) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2003) |
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Oil - consumption:
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8,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA bbl/day |
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Oil - imports:
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NA bbl/day |
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Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2003 est.) |
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Current account balance:
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-$460 million (2005 est.)
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Exports:
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$395 million f.o.b. (2005
est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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cotton, livestock, gold
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Exports - partners:
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China 38.3%, Singapore
12.6%, Thailand 5.7%, Ghana 5.2%, Taiwan 4.4% (2005) |
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Imports:
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$992 million f.o.b. (2005
est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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capital goods,
foodstuffs, petroleum
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Imports - partners:
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France 24.2%, Cote
d'Ivoire 23.7%, Togo 6.8% (2005) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$764 million (2005 est.)
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Debt - external:
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$1.85 billion (2003)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$468.4 million (2003)
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Currency (code):
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Communaute Financiere
Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank
of the West African States |
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Currency code:
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XOF |
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Exchange rates:
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Communaute Financiere
Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004),
581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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Communications |
Burkina Faso |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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97,400 (2005) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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572,200 (2005) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment:
all services only fair
domestic: microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone
communication stations
international: country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1
Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 3, FM 17, shortwave 3
(2002)
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Radios:
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394,020 (2000) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (2002) |
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Televisions:
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131,340 (2002) |
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Internet country code:
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.bf |
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Internet hosts:
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373 (2005) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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1 (2002) |
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Internet users:
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53,200 (2005) |
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Transportation |
Burkina Faso |
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Airports:
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34 (2006) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 2
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2006) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 32
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 18 (2006)
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Railways:
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total: 622 km
narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge
note:: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote D'Ivoire
(2005) |
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Roadways:
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total: 12,506 km
paved: 2,001 km
unpaved: 10,505 km (1999)
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Military branches:
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Army, Air Force (Force
Aerienne de Burkina Faso), National Gendarmerie (2006) |
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Military service age and obligation:
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18 years of age for
compulsory military service; 20 years of age for voluntary military
service (2001)
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 18-49:
2,651,687 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 18-49:
1,530,324 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$74.83 million (2005
est.) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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1.3% (2005 est.)
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Transnational Issues |
Burkina Faso |
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Disputes - international:
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two villages are in
dispute along the border with Benin; Benin accuses Burkina Faso of
moving boundary pillars; Burkina Faso border regions remain a staging
area for Liberia and Cote d'Ivoire rebels and an asylum for refugees
caught in local fighting; the Ivoirian Government accuses Burkina Faso
of sheltering Ivoirian rebels |
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Information |
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