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Länder
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Background:
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Burundi's first
democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after
only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between
Hutu and Tutsi factions. Over 200,000 Burundians perished during the
conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of
Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring
countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between
the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way
for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force,
established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu
government in 2005. The new government, led by President Pierre
NKURUNZIZA, signed a South African brokered ceasefire with the country's
last rebel group in the summer of 2006 but still faces many challenges.
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Location:
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Central Africa, east of
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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Geographic coordinates:
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3 30 S, 30 00 E |
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Map references:
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Africa |
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Area:
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total: 27,830 sq
km
land: 25,650 sq km
water: 2,180 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than
Maryland
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Land boundaries:
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total: 974 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda
290 km, Tanzania 451 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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equatorial; high plateau
with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level);
average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees
centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about
1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February
to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August
and December to January)
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Terrain:
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hilly and mountainous,
dropping to a plateau in east, some plains |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Lake
Tanganyika 772 m
highest point: Heha 2,670 m |
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Natural resources:
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nickel, uranium, rare
earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land,
hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone
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Land use:
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arable land:
35.57%
permanent crops: 13.12%
other: 51.31% (2005) |
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Irrigated land:
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210 sq km (2003) |
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Natural hazards:
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flooding, landslides,
drought
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Environment - current issues:
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soil erosion as a result
of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands;
deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled
cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer
Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; straddles
crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake
Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile |
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Population:
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8,090,068
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life
expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population
and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age
and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 46.3%
(male 1,884,825/female 1,863,200)
15-64 years: 51.1% (male 2,051,451/female 2,082,017)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 83,432/female 125,143) (2006 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 16.6 years
male: 16.4 years
female: 16.9 years (2006 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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3.7% (2006 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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42.22 births/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Death rate:
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13.46 deaths/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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8.22 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 63.13
deaths/1,000 live births
male: 70.26 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 55.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population:
50.81 years
male: 50.07 years
female: 51.58 years (2006 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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6.55 children born/woman
(2006 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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6% (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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250,000 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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25,000 (2003 est.) |
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Major infectious diseases:
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degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria (2005) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Burundian(s)
adjective: Burundian |
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Ethnic groups:
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Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi
(Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 |
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Religions:
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Christian 67% (Roman
Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10% |
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Languages:
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Kirundi (official),
French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura
area) |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15
and over can read and write
total population: 51.6%
male: 58.5%
female: 45.2% (2003 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional long
form: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form: Burundi
local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi
local short form: Burundi
former: Urundi |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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name: Bujumbura
geographic coordinates: 3 23 S, 29 22 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time) |
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Administrative divisions:
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17 provinces; Bubanza,
Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rurale, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega,
Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi,
Rutana, Ruyigi |
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Independence:
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1 July 1962 (from UN
trusteeship under Belgian administration) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 1 July
(1962)
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Constitution:
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28 February 2005;
ratified by popular referendum |
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Legal system:
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based on German and
Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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NA years of age;
universal adult
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Executive branch:
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chief of state:
President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President
Martin NDUWIMANA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2005); Second Vice President
Marina BARAMPAMA - Hutu (since 8 September 2006)
head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August
2005); First Vice President Martin NDUWIMANA - Tutsi (since 29 August
2005); Second Vice President Marina BARAMPAMA - Hutu (since 8 September
2006)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president
elections: the president is elected by popular vote to a
five-year term (eligible for a second term); note - the constitution
adopted in February 2005 permits the post-transition president to be
elected by a two-thirds majority of the parliament; vice presidents
nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament
election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA was elected president by the
parliament by a vote of 151 to 9; note - the constitution adopted in
February 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a
two-thirds majority of the legislature |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral Parliament or
Parlement, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale
(minimum 100 seats - 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being
women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral
Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; 34 by
indirect vote to serve five year terms, with remaining seats assigned to
ethnic groups and former chiefs of state)
elections: National Assembly - last held 4 July 2005 (next to be
held in 2010); Senate - last held 29 July 2005 (next to be held in 2010)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party -
CNDD-FDD 58.6%, FRODEBU 21.7%, UPRONA 7.2%, CNDD 4.1%,
MRC-Rurenzangemero 2.1%, others 6.2%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 59,
FRODEBU 25, UPRONA 10, CNDD 4, MRC-Rurenzangemero 2; Senate - percent of
vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 30, FRODEBU 3, CNDD 1
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court or Cour
Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in
separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province
level and 123 small local tribunals) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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the three national,
mainstream, governing parties are: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU
[Leonce NGENDAKUMANA, president]; National Council for the Defense of
Democracy, Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Hussein
RADJABU, president]; Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Aloys
RUBUKA, president]
note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included
are: National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD; National
Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or
MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress
or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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none |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU,
CEPGL, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (subscriber),
ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Celestin NIYONGABO
chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20007
telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574
FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Patricia Newton MOLLER
embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura
mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura
telephone: [257] 223454
FAX: [257] 222926 |
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Flag description:
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divided by a white
diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist
side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing
three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular
design (one star above, two stars below) |
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Economy - overview:
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Burundi is a landlocked,
resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The
economy is predominantly agricultural with more than 90% of the
population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends
on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange
earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on
weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi
minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee
trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. An
ethnic-based war that lasted for over a decade resulted in more than
200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and
displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to
school, and approximately one in 10 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine,
and electricity remain in short supply. Political stability and the end
of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has
increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor
education rates, a weak legal system, and low administrative capacity -
risk undermining planned economic reforms.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$5.654 billion (2005
est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$730 million (2005 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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1.1% (2005 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$700 (2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 46.3%
industry: 20.3%
services: 33.4% (2005 est.) |
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Labor force:
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2.99 million (2002) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 93.6%
industry: 2.3%
services: 4.1% (2002 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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NA% |
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Population below poverty line:
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68% (2002 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 32.9% (1998) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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33.3 (1998) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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16% (2005 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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11.6% of GDP (2005 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $215.4
million
expenditures: $278 million; including capital expenditures of $NA
(2005 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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coffee, cotton, tea,
corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk,
hides |
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Industries:
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light consumer goods such
as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works
construction; food processing |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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18% (2001) |
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Electricity - production:
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141.3 million kWh (2003)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 0.6%
hydro: 99.4%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
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Electricity - consumption:
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141.4 million kWh (2003)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - imports:
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10 million kWh; note -
supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2003) |
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Oil - consumption:
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3,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA bbl/day |
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Oil - imports:
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NA bbl/day |
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Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2003 est.) |
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Current account balance:
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-$29 million (2005 est.)
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Exports:
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$52 million f.o.b. (2005
est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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coffee, tea, sugar,
cotton, hides
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Exports - partners:
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Germany 24.4%, Belgium
11.1%, Netherlands 8%, Switzerland 5.8%, US 4.6%, Pakistan 4% (2005)
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Imports:
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$200 million f.o.b. (2005
est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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capital goods, petroleum
products, foodstuffs |
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Imports - partners:
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Kenya 12.9%, Tanzania
10.6%, Belgium 10.4%, Italy 8.1%, France 5.4%, Uganda 5.3%, China 5%,
India 4.1% (2005)
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$105 million (2005 est.)
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Debt - external:
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$1.2 billion (2003) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$105.5 million (2003)
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Currency (code):
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Burundi franc (BIF) |
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Currency code:
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BIF |
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Exchange rates:
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Burundi francs per US
dollar - 1,138 (2005), 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003), 930.75 (2002),
830.35 (2001)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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27,700 (2005) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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153,000 (2005) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment:
primitive system
domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone
communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay
international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1
Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1
(2001)
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Radios:
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440,000 (2001) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (2001) |
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Televisions:
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25,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.bi |
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Internet hosts:
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155 (2005) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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1 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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25,000 (2005) |
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Airports:
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8 (2006) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2006) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 3 (2006) |
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Roadways:
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total: 14,480 km
paved: 1,028 km
unpaved: 13,452 km (1999) |
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Waterways:
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mainly on Lake Tanganyika
(2003)
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Ports and terminals:
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Bujumbura |
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Military branches:
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National Defense Force
(Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and
Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (being disbanded) (2006) |
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Military service age and obligation:
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16 years of age for
compulsory and voluntary military service (2001) |
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 16-49:
1,676,855
females age 16-49: 1,656,366 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 16-49:
955,616
females age 16-49: 932,767 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower reaching military service age annually:
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males age 18-49:
91,331
females age 16-49: 90,685 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$43.9 million (2005 est.)
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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5.6% (2005 est.)
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Transnational Issues |
Burundi |
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Disputes - international:
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Tutsi, Hutu, other
conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and
various government forces continue fighting in the Great Lakes region,
transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda in an effort to gain control over populated
and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, but
localized violence continues despite the presence of about 6,000
peacekeepers from the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) since 2004;
although some 150,000 Burundian refugees have been repatriated, as of
February 2005, Burundian refugees still reside in camps in western
Tanzania as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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Refugees and internally displaced persons:
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refugees (country of
origin): 48,424 (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
IDPs: 145,000 (armed conflict between government and rebels; most
IDPs in northern and western Burundi) (2005) |
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Information |
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Här hittar du information om alla världens länder. Listan fylls på efter hand
som jag har tid. Tyvärr så är informationen på engelska. |
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-SM3VVZ |
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